2024 Venv pack

The only caveat is that if any Python process launches a sub-process, that sub-process will not run in the virtualenv.. The repetitive method that totally works. You can fix that by actually activating the virtualenv separately for each RUN as well as the CMD:. Apartments under dollar300 a month

Venv-pack is a command-line tool for packaging virtual environments for distribution. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment. Supports virtual environments created using python3/venv. Venv is part of the python standard library.Conda with conda-pack; Virtual env with venv-pack; Conda is well documented and seems to be what most people use. Disadvantages of Conda are that you have to unzip the environment on each executor ...To create environments we decided to use venv as in recent python versions it comes bundled. To package, though we had to use venv-pack library to package the environments so that those could be shipped to wherever we need them for running. We used following commands to create new environment, install dependencies and then pack the environment.In this case, it is python. So, the first line in the UpperLimb.py file will be #!/usr/bin/python. This line will tell the program to use the python program at /usr/bin/python. After this, you need to make this script executable. You can use the following command to make this file executable. $ chmod +x UpperLimb.py.To submit a job from a Python virtual environment. Build your virtual environment with the commands in the following example. This example installs Python 3.9.9 into a virtual environment package and copies the archive to an Amazon S3 location. venv is available by default in Python 3.3 and later, and installs pip and setuptools into created virtual environments in Python 3.4 and later. virtualenv needs to be installed separately, but supports Python 2.7+ and Python 3.3+, and pip , setuptools and wheel are always installed into created virtual environments by default (regardless of ...With Powershell: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1" With cmd.exe: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\activate.bat" And then you can use that terminal to run ComfyUI without installing any dependencies. Note that the venv folder might be called something else depending on the SD UI. Running. python main.pySince Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below.venv-pack can be used to distribute virtual environments to be used with Apache Spark jobs when deploying on Apache YARN. By bundling your environment for use with Spark, you can use custom packages, and ensure that they’re consistently provided on every node. This makes use of YARN’s resource localization by distributing environments as ...With Powershell: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1" With cmd.exe: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\activate.bat" And then you can use that terminal to run ComfyUI without installing any dependencies. Note that the venv folder might be called something else depending on the SD UI. Running. python main.py 2) Installing venv through apt and apt-get. sudo apt install python3-venv In this case the installation seems to complete, but when I try to create a virtual environment with python3 -m venv ./venv, I get an error, telling me to do apt-get install python3-venv (which I just did!) I could easily see use cases where venv is the better choice. Lastly, Conda is both an environments manager as well as a package manager like PIP. Useful comparison table here. In short, if you don't have a strong preference already, conda is more robust than venv or pip, can be combined with pip, and is probably the better default option.The venv is ony available in python 3 version. If you are using python 2 then try to use virtualenv instead of venv. 1. Install virtualenv, python -m pip install virtualenv. 2. Create a virtual environment named venv using virtualenv, Python 2. python -m virtualenv venv. Can venv (be upgraded to) by default install the wheel package into a newly created venv? This would elegantly resolve an issue with installing an sdist into a venv on machines disconnected from internet (from PyPI). The problem(s): I distribute a Python installer (e.g. miniconda .sh file) and my authored package as sdist to end-users who must install onto a disconnected machine (i.e ...spark-submit python packages with venv cannot run program. I was following this article to encapsule the fuzzy-c-means lib to run on a spark cluster, I'm using bitnami/spark image on docker. I've used a python image to build a venv with python 3.7 and install the fuzzy-c-means lib. then i used the venv-pack to compress the venv in a environment ...I noticed that when creating a venv with python -m venv it doesn't copy the python installation, but rather creates a symlink to it. It proved tedious to communicate with the team responsible for the cluster about this, so I would like to instead create a fully isolated python installation on the mount as a solution to this case and future ...This guide discusses how to install packages using pip and a virtual environment manager: either venv for Python 3 or virtualenv for Python 2. These are the lowest-level tools for managing Python packages and are recommended if higher-level tools do not suit your needs.Conda-Pack. ¶. conda-pack is a command line tool for creating archives of conda environments that can be installed on other systems and locations. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment—potentially where python and/or conda isn’t already installed. A tool like conda-pack is necessary because conda environments are ...Venv-Pack. This is based on venv-pack but with lots of improvements added by mrmathematica. It has Windows support. Bin/Scripts generated by venv will work out-of-box. Venv-pack is a command-line tool for packaging virtual environments for distribution. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment.Aug 30, 2023 · PyInstaller works by reading your Python program, analyzing all its imports, and bundling copies of those imports with your program and a copy of the Python runtime. PyInstaller reads in your ... Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below. See full list on github.com Jan 28, 2019 · I fixed the issue after upgrading the pip and then installing virtual env. pip: upgrade pip using below command: pip install --upgrade pip. or. pip3 install --upgrade pip. virtual env: install virtual env using the below command. pip install virtualenvwrapper-win. Share. Improve this answer. I noticed that when creating a venv with python -m venv it doesn't copy the python installation, but rather creates a symlink to it. It proved tedious to communicate with the team responsible for the cluster about this, so I would like to instead create a fully isolated python installation on the mount as a solution to this case and future ...Starting from Python 3 virtual environment is natively supported. The Python 3 venv approach has the benefit of forcing you to choose a specific version of the Python 3 interpreter that should be used to create the virtual environment. This avoids any confusion as to which Python installation the new environment is based on. Recommended usage:Archiving Virtual Environments Using Venv-Pack¶ You can package a virtual environment using venv-pack. The virtual environment can be created using either venv or virtualenv. Note that the python linked to in the virtual environment must exist and be accessible on every node in the YARN cluster.By default Conda prefers to manage a list of environments for you in a central location, whereas virtualenv makes a folder in the current directory. The former (centralized) makes sense if you are e.g. doing machine learning and just have a couple of broad environments that you use across many projects and want to jump into them from anywhere.Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below.Sep 10, 2019 · Pip does not install in venv. Virtualenv stoped working on my machine, without me knowing what I changed. It looks like pip install on global packages instead of venv. I checked all the related question on stackoverflow and could not find a answer that resolved my issue. So here it is. I'm using Manjaro and python 3.7. Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below. Venv-pack is a command-line tool for packaging virtual environments for distribution. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment. Supports virtual environments created using python3/venv. Venv is part of the python standard library.Archiving Virtual Environments Using Venv-Pack¶ You can package a virtual environment using venv-pack. The virtual environment can be created using either venv or virtualenv. Note that the python linked to in the virtual environment must exist and be accessible on every node in the YARN cluster.Conda-Pack. ¶. conda-pack is a command line tool for creating archives of conda environments that can be installed on other systems and locations. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment—potentially where python and/or conda isn’t already installed. A tool like conda-pack is necessary because conda environments are ... Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below.then I tried to upgrade pip using cmd: c:\users\sam\desktop\py\django\tst\scripts\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip and then pip install pands worked. Note: when the python dir is changed (changing home var in pyvenv.cfg) uninstalling and re-installing packages will fix a few errors. Share. Improve this answer.May 23, 2019 · All we need to do is execute the venv module, which is part of the Python standard library. % cd test-project/ % python3 -m venv venv/ # Creates an environment called venv/ ⚠️ Note: You can replace “venv/” with a different name for your environment. Voilà! A virtual environment has been born. Now our project looks like this: jcrist commented on Aug 21, 2018. jcrist mentioned this issue on Sep 6, 2018. Unpacked venv-pack must currently use same path as original #13. offa mentioned this issue on Sep 5, 2019.Oct 11, 2016 · As mentioned in the comments, you've got the virtualenv module installed properly in the expected environment since python -m venv allows you to create virtualenv's. The fact that virtualenv is not a recognized command is a result of the virtualenv.py not being in your system PATH and/or not being executable. The root cause could be outdated ... Conda with conda-pack; Virtual env with venv-pack; Conda is well documented and seems to be what most people use. Disadvantages of Conda are that you have to unzip the environment on each executor ...Create a virtual environment using the command python3 -m venv env. This will create a virtual environment named env. Activate the virtual environment using the command source env/bin/activate. You should see (env) appear at the beginning of your command prompt.Archiving Virtual Environments Using Venv-Pack¶ You can package a virtual environment using venv-pack. The virtual environment can be created using either venv or virtualenv. Note that the python linked to in the virtual environment must exist and be accessible on every node in the YARN cluster.2) Installing venv through apt and apt-get. sudo apt install python3-venv In this case the installation seems to complete, but when I try to create a virtual environment with python3 -m venv ./venv, I get an error, telling me to do apt-get install python3-venv (which I just did!)Aug 21, 2018 · conda-pack does self-include Python. I documented that venv-pack also includes Python itself mistakenly. I think I did something wrong when I tested it. If it's not expected to be fixed soon in this repo itself, I will change the documentation to mention this limitation. A tag already exists with the provided branch name. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior.Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below.A “pack” is the unit of deployment for integrations and automations that extend StackStorm. Typically a pack is organized along service or product boundaries e.g. AWS, Docker, Sensu etc. A pack can contain Actions, Workflows, Rules , Sensors, and Aliases. StackStorm content is always part of a pack, so it’s important to understand how to ...How virtual environments work (partly) is that there will be a python.exe in the venv/Scripts folder. When you run the virtual environment activate script, the Scripts folder is added to the PATH of the current process (cmd or powershell). It is added to the top of the PATH so the python.exe in the venv will be the first one to be found.All we need to do is execute the venv module, which is part of the Python standard library. % cd test-project/ % python3 -m venv venv/ # Creates an environment called venv/ ⚠️ Note: You can replace “venv/” with a different name for your environment. Voilà! A virtual environment has been born. Now our project looks like this:Oct 11, 2016 · As mentioned in the comments, you've got the virtualenv module installed properly in the expected environment since python -m venv allows you to create virtualenv's. The fact that virtualenv is not a recognized command is a result of the virtualenv.py not being in your system PATH and/or not being executable. The root cause could be outdated ... The problem is that you probably haven't used Amazon Linux 2 to create the venv. Using Amazon Linux and Python 3.7.10 did it for me. As detailed here you can use similar to this docker file to generate such a venv. you better use a requirements.txt to make it more reusable but it gives you the idea.Sep 26, 2019 · Now we can create a virtual environment by python3 -m venv ./venv/drf. In above folder we have created, inside that we are creating one more folder drf (Django Rest Rramework) At last to run our virtual environment use source .venv/drf/bin/activate by this command we are running the script which is there in bin folder. To create environments we decided to use venv as in recent python versions it comes bundled. To package, though we had to use venv-pack library to package the environments so that those could be shipped to wherever we need them for running. We used following commands to create new environment, install dependencies and then pack the environment.you can install dependecies using pipenv from Pipfile: # assuming in are in the project root # and the venv is activated pipenv install. this will install just the production packages. also install all packages + dev packages: pipenv install --dev. this will install all packages from Pipfile.venv-pack is a command-line tool for packaging virtual environments for distribution. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment. 注釈. Python 3.3 またはそれ以降のものを使っているなら、 venv モジュールの方が仮想環境を作成・管理するのに好ましいです。 venv は Python の標準ライブラリに含まれていて、追加で何かをインストールしなければならないということがありません。The venv is ony available in python 3 version. If you are using python 2 then try to use virtualenv instead of venv. 1. Install virtualenv, python -m pip install virtualenv. 2. Create a virtual environment named venv using virtualenv, Python 2. python -m virtualenv venv. By default Conda prefers to manage a list of environments for you in a central location, whereas virtualenv makes a folder in the current directory. The former (centralized) makes sense if you are e.g. doing machine learning and just have a couple of broad environments that you use across many projects and want to jump into them from anywhere.Jul 4, 2021 · I could do it with the below snippet, basically, I zipped the venv content and put the venv in HDFS (if you don't have HDFS or any shared accessible location by the nodes) if you don't have ... then I think you can clone the virtual envrionment on all nodes under same path venv: is a library shipped with Python 3.3+. You can run using python3 -m venv <path_to_new_env>. It serves the same purpose as virtualenv, and additionally you can extend it. virtualenv continues to be more popular than venv, especially since the former supports both Python 2 and 3.May 25, 2021 · then I tried to upgrade pip using cmd: c:\users\sam\desktop\py\django\tst\scripts\python.exe -m pip install --upgrade pip and then pip install pands worked. Note: when the python dir is changed (changing home var in pyvenv.cfg) uninstalling and re-installing packages will fix a few errors. Share. Improve this answer. Conda-Pack. ¶. conda-pack is a command line tool for creating archives of conda environments that can be installed on other systems and locations. This is useful for deploying code in a consistent environment—potentially where python and/or conda isn’t already installed. A tool like conda-pack is necessary because conda environments are ... spark-submit python packages with venv cannot run program. I was following this article to encapsule the fuzzy-c-means lib to run on a spark cluster, I'm using bitnami/spark image on docker. I've used a python image to build a venv with python 3.7 and install the fuzzy-c-means lib. then i used the venv-pack to compress the venv in a environment ...Sep 5, 2015 · We can share storage for large modules between virtual environments by creating a hard link copy of the base environment, then updating paths using this venv_move script. cd /opt cp -al python3.10-ai python3.10-fastai venv_move python3.10-fastai. The first argument is the path to the venv. Instalando pacotes usando pip e ambientes virtuais¶. Este guia discute como instalar pacotes usando pip e um gerenciador de ambiente virtual: ou venv para Python 3 ou virtualenv para Python 2 Estas são as ferramentas de nível mais baixo para gerenciar pacotes Python e são recomendadas se as ferramentas de nível mais alto não atenderem às suas necessidades.With Powershell: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1" With cmd.exe: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\activate.bat" And then you can use that terminal to run ComfyUI without installing any dependencies. Note that the venv folder might be called something else depending on the SD UI. Running. python main.py 2) Installing venv through apt and apt-get. sudo apt install python3-venv In this case the installation seems to complete, but when I try to create a virtual environment with python3 -m venv ./venv, I get an error, telling me to do apt-get install python3-venv (which I just did!) In the upcoming Apache Spark 3.1, PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. In the case of Apache Spark 3.0 and lower versions, it can be used only with YARN. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below.Nov 3, 2021 · 0. I have a python project consisting of multiple files I try to pack it with pyarmor and it is working fine however when I try to pack it with a virtual environment I face a lot of errors so if anyone knows how to do it please help. I add the required packages in the venv even pyarmor then I activate it and when pyarmor finish obfuscation it ... Feb 13, 2018 · I ended up with the package I just started trying to package up, first I ran pyinstaller without using a venv and (due to pandas I think) it grabbed Cuda libs and etc., I ended up with a 5.1GB dist folder! Then I re-ran it in a venv and got the same size! Sep 5, 2015 · We can share storage for large modules between virtual environments by creating a hard link copy of the base environment, then updating paths using this venv_move script. cd /opt cp -al python3.10-ai python3.10-fastai venv_move python3.10-fastai. The first argument is the path to the venv. Instalando pacotes usando pip e ambientes virtuais¶. Este guia discute como instalar pacotes usando pip e um gerenciador de ambiente virtual: ou venv para Python 3 ou virtualenv para Python 2 Estas são as ferramentas de nível mais baixo para gerenciar pacotes Python e são recomendadas se as ferramentas de nível mais alto não atenderem às suas necessidades.Nov 3, 2021 · 0. I have a python project consisting of multiple files I try to pack it with pyarmor and it is working fine however when I try to pack it with a virtual environment I face a lot of errors so if anyone knows how to do it please help. I add the required packages in the venv even pyarmor then I activate it and when pyarmor finish obfuscation it ... Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below.The venv is ony available in python 3 version. If you are using python 2 then try to use virtualenv instead of venv. 1. Install virtualenv, python -m pip install virtualenv 2. Create a virtual environment named venv using virtualenv, Python 2. python -m virtualenv venv Python3. python -m venv venv 3. Activate virtual environment,.\venv\Scripts ...Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below. With venv you can maintain different combinations of Python and installed packages, and switch from one combination to another easily. These are called virtual environments or venvs in short. Use venv to create as many different development environments as you need, each with its unique combination of Python and installed packages.2 days ago · The venv module supports creating lightweight “virtual environments”, each with their own independent set of Python packages installed in their site directories. spark-submit python packages with venv cannot run program. I was following this article to encapsule the fuzzy-c-means lib to run on a spark cluster, I'm using bitnami/spark image on docker. I've used a python image to build a venv with python 3.7 and install the fuzzy-c-means lib. then i used the venv-pack to compress the venv in a environment ...To create environments we decided to use venv as in recent python versions it comes bundled. To package, though we had to use venv-pack library to package the environments so that those could be shipped to wherever we need them for running. We used following commands to create new environment, install dependencies and then pack the environment.Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below. I am trying to create two virtual environments through Pycharm IDE. one for Python 2.7 one for Python 3.8 However, I was able to create venv for 2.7 but could not succeed with 3.8; and end-up wi...The following command launches the pyspark shell with virtualenv enabled. In the Spark driver and executor processes it will create an isolated virtual environment instead of using the default python version running on the host. bin/pyspark --master yarn-client --conf spark.pyspark.virtualenv.enabled=true --conf spark.pyspark.virtualenv.type ...The venv module supports creating lightweight “virtual environments”, each with their own independent set of Python packages installed in their site directories.9Wy zk q ý!d‚|y n |Šç¥° ;–V ƒM³8ûW°ž»AP ÀÎ Ö2oÎÏ¾¼ Í Í“fÔÓ{ªúù>Ú“ HÛ?0ÂëlêÍ^sU¿b^ø´äI& Ýg³ãÏ° _é„Ç—TM“¬¢(27£‡ “É~ ³ù¶Q L ‘‘ê7‹4 üºtâ f*Ô ]¯ ¦j“ÔÊ Ê õñ³ZG,o•£ É[ÃÝ—WMŒU‹~üååÛë—×¯®pï½ _ h? ËIŽç&·é £ ” ËÀ´e¤ îéà ... The venv is ony available in python 3 version. If you are using python 2 then try to use virtualenv instead of venv. 1. Install virtualenv, python -m pip install virtualenv. 2. Create a virtual environment named venv using virtualenv, Python 2. python -m virtualenv venv.

Mar 18, 2021 · Can venv (be upgraded to) by default install the wheel package into a newly created venv? This would elegantly resolve an issue with installing an sdist into a venv on machines disconnected from internet (from PyPI). The problem(s): I distribute a Python installer (e.g. miniconda .sh file) and my authored package as sdist to end-users who must install onto a disconnected machine (i.e ... . Hotel rooms under dollar60 near me

The venv is ony available in python 3 version. If you are using python 2 then try to use virtualenv instead of venv. 1. Install virtualenv, python -m pip install virtualenv. 2. Create a virtual environment named venv using virtualenv, Python 2. python -m virtualenv venv. Instalando pacotes usando pip e ambientes virtuais¶. Este guia discute como instalar pacotes usando pip e um gerenciador de ambiente virtual: ou venv para Python 3 ou virtualenv para Python 2 Estas são as ferramentas de nível mais baixo para gerenciar pacotes Python e são recomendadas se as ferramentas de nível mais alto não atenderem às suas necessidades. I noticed that when creating a venv with python -m venv it doesn't copy the python installation, but rather creates a symlink to it. It proved tedious to communicate with the team responsible for the cluster about this, so I would like to instead create a fully isolated python installation on the mount as a solution to this case and future ...Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below. Since Python 3.3, a subset of its features has been integrated into Python as a standard library under the venv module. PySpark users can use virtualenv to manage Python dependencies in their clusters by using venv-pack in a similar way as conda-pack. A virtual environment to use on both driver and executor can be created as demonstrated below.With venv you can maintain different combinations of Python and installed packages, and switch from one combination to another easily. These are called virtual environments or venvs in short. Use venv to create as many different development environments as you need, each with its unique combination of Python and installed packages. With Powershell: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1" With cmd.exe: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\activate.bat" And then you can use that terminal to run ComfyUI without installing any dependencies. Note that the venv folder might be called something else depending on the SD UI. Running. python main.py 9Wy zk q ý!d‚|y n |Šç¥° ;–V ƒM³8ûW°ž»AP ÀÎ Ö2oÎÏ¾¼ Í Í“fÔÓ{ªúù>Ú“ HÛ?0ÂëlêÍ^sU¿b^ø´äI& Ýg³ãÏ° _é„Ç—TM“¬¢(27£‡ “É~ ³ù¶Q L ‘‘ê7‹4 üºtâ f*Ô ]¯ ¦j“ÔÊ Ê õñ³ZG,o•£ É[ÃÝ—WMŒU‹~üååÛë—×¯®pï½ _ h? ËIŽç&·é £ ” ËÀ´e¤ îéà ... By default Conda prefers to manage a list of environments for you in a central location, whereas virtualenv makes a folder in the current directory. The former (centralized) makes sense if you are e.g. doing machine learning and just have a couple of broad environments that you use across many projects and want to jump into them from anywhere.Starting from Python 3 virtual environment is natively supported. The Python 3 venv approach has the benefit of forcing you to choose a specific version of the Python 3 interpreter that should be used to create the virtual environment. This avoids any confusion as to which Python installation the new environment is based on. Recommended usage:1 day ago · The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called venv. venv will usually install the most recent version of Python that you have available. If you have multiple versions of Python on your system, you can select a specific Python version by running python3 or whichever version you want. With Powershell: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1" With cmd.exe: "path_to_other_sd_gui\venv\Scripts\activate.bat" And then you can use that terminal to run ComfyUI without installing any dependencies. Note that the venv folder might be called something else depending on the SD UI. Running. python main.py.

Popular Topics